In 1689, parliament declared that James had abdicated by deserting his kingdom. William ( reigned 1689-1702) and Mary (reigned 1689-94) were offered the throne as joint monarchs.
He was subsequently captured and then allowed to escape to exile in France. Early in 1689, the English Parliament formally offered William and Mary the throne as joint monarchs, an event known as the 'Glorious Revolution'. William III of Orange was now William III of England and Ireland, and William II of Scotland.
